Indonesia-Malaysia dispute over territory

FOREWORD
Thank God Almighty Thanks be to God who has bestowed favors and hidayahNya.
Thanks to Prof.. Dr. Rifdan, M. Si who has given his knowledge so that the paper "International Boundary Disputes region (Ambalat) between Indonesia and Malaysia" can be resolved with either an assignment of Citizenship Education courses.
Hopefully this paper can be useful for those who read.
Thank you




                                                                                    Author










CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background
NOT be denied, one problem that can lead to disputes between countries is the border issue. Indonesia is also facing this problem, especially on the border line in the territorial waters of the sea with neighboring countries.
When examined, many countries in Asia Pacific are also facing the same problem. The notion that the regional situation around Indonesia in the next three decades remain safe and peaceful, may have a point, but underneath it is actually scattered the seeds of conflict, which can develop into open dispute.
Republic of Indonesia is archipelagic State insightful archipelago, so that borders on the sea should refer to UNCLOS (United Nations Convension on the Law of the Sea) 82 / HUKLA (Law of the sea) 82 which is then ratified by Law no. 17 of 1985. Indonesia has about 17,506 islands and 2 / 3 area of ​​the ocean.
Of the 17 506 islands are the outer islands of Indonesia to be a direct limit with neighboring countries. Based on the results of the survey Base Point or Point Elementary has done DISHIDROS Navy, to establish boundaries with neighboring countries, there are 183 basis point 92 located on the outer islands, the rest is in the outermost headland headlands and coastal areas. Of the 92 outermost islands there are 12 islands that should receive serious attention.
In this paper the authors want to discuss the issue of "International Boundary Disputes (Ambalat) between Indonesia and Malaysia"
CHAPTER II
PROBLEM

Indonesia certainly should be aware of developments in the vicinity of the region, especially in Asia Pacific. Because the consequences of geo-graphical location of Indonesia dipersilangan international traffic, so any upheaval at any level of intensity would affect Indonesia. Moreover, the supply line of basic needs, especially oil several countries through Indonesian waters. Supply lines of oil from the Middle East and Persian Gulf to Japan and the United States, for example, approximately 70% of his voyage through the waters of Indonesia. Therefore very natural that the various countries concerned to secure the oil supply lines, including in the waters of the archipelago, such as the Strait of Malacca, Sunda Strait, Lombok Strait, Makassar Strait, Strait Ombai Wetar, and others.
Martial Arts Japanese troops on a regular basis and hold regular training distance operations to secure the area that they call the "life line," ie, as far as 1000 nautical mile radius to reach the waters of Southeast Asia. The same was done China, Australia, India, including anticipating the possibility of closure of these vital pathways by surrounding countries (including Indonesia.)
The existence of Indonesia dipersilangan strategic shipping lanes, but it also poses a threat to bring good luck. For surely ogled many countries. Because it is very reasonable when some countries pay close attention to any developments that occur in Indonesia. Australia for example, are very worried when Indonesia develop a naval power, which in turn can effectively tighten control of all cruise lines in the waters of the archipelago.
Keep in mind, unilateral determination of the Sunda Strait and the Lombok Strait as international waters by Indonesia jointly rejected by the Ameri-ka States, Australia, Canada, Germany, Japan, England and New Zealand. Certainly if these two straits into territorial waters of Indonesia, all countries in the region crossed these waters should be subject to national laws of Indonesia, without ignoring international interest.
Things that should be observed is the fact that the Indonesian territory that is currently entangled in protracted social conflict (manifest or latent) generally is an area that is dijalur international shipping, such as, Bali, Lombok, Maluku, North Maluku, Central Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, Riau, Aceh , Papua and others. This fact should be wary because not closed the possibility of an outside party who played in the conflict that occurred in some of these areas. Also because if Indonesia failed to resolve, and conflicts develop into a threat to the safety of international shipping, then based on the stipulations of international, foreign countries are allowed to lose its military units in the region in order to maintain the interests of the world.
In order to safeguarding the strategic routes, the number of developed countries together have established a rapid reaction unit called "Stand By High Readness Brigade" (SHIRBRIG) 4000 personnel strength that is always ready to be moved to a target as "muscular peace keeping force. "
From the description above, the problems that the author wanted to discuss is:
1. What is the background of the emergence of international conflicts?
2. Ambalat so why fight?
3. How is the government's efforts to maintain sovereignty Homeland?



CHAPTER III
DISCUSSION

A. BACKGROUND OF DISPUTE international
Disputes can occur because:
1. Misconceptions about something.
2. One party deliberately violated rights / interests of other nations.
3. Establishment of two states disagree about something.
4. Violations of law / treaty.
Because the emergence of international disputes with huge potential occurrence of open war:
1. Political aspect (the defense pact / pact of peace).
Post-World War II (1945) appeared two great powers of the West Block (US-led NATO) and Eastern Bloc (Soviet-led Warsaw Pact). They compete for influence in the field of Ideology, Economics, and Armament. The result is often a conflict in various countries, missalnya Cuban Crisis, Korean War (North Korea supported the East Block and West Block backed South Korea), Vietnam War, etc..
2. Area boundary.
A State bordering the territory of other States. Sometimes disagreements occur between countries about their boundary - each. For example, Indonesia and Malaysia on the island of Sipadan and Ligitan (Borneo). The dispute is submitted to the International Court of Justice and in 2003 the dispute was won by Malaysia.With the collapse of the Eastern Bloc with marked collapse of the Berlin Wall in 1989 the U.S. emerged as a great power (State Superpower). So that tends to bring the world in order that the U.S. is meant to act as a unipolar one - the only forces that control most of the problems in the world. As a result, disputes tend to arise in the international world.
In addition, with regard to international (read: the developed countries), Indonesia is actually facing some latent issues with fellow Asean member countries. The reason other than because of differences in the interests of each country that can not be met, as well as various other causes which arise as a result of political and social dynamics enter the respective countries. Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and the Philippines, might be able to cooperate in dealing with terrorism issues in the sphere of this. However, the attitude of each country would be different in the matter of illegal labor, illegal logging, encroachment in the area of ​​fishing, and so on.
The same thing can happen with a matter of Singapore in combating corruption, smuggling and money laundering. While the Ti-mor Leste problem of human rights violations in the past and often border traffic is still a stumbling block for the harmonization of relations between the two countries.
Regarding the cruise control in Southeast Asia, Singapore remains until now vehemently rejected Indonesia's proposal to divert traffic partly large cruise ships from the Straits of Malacca to the Straits of Lombok / Makassar Strait. Though cruise lines in the strait is not only were used for the commercial fleet but also for warships. And Indonesia would join the ship disrupted when a war-ships of the two countries that are fighting passed in the waters of Indonesia.
In the last decade seems the effort some Asean countries has doubled its military strength. Especially Navy and Air Force.
From the data it appears that in some aspects of weaponry, Thailand showed a significant improvement among countries in Southeast Asian. To strengthen the navy, for example, a white elephant country already has advanced warships, and ready to operate so far above the 200-300 mile for the sake of securing the interests of his country. Of course, including maintaining the safety of fishermen operating in Thailand that many Indonesian territorial waters.
Malaysia is also not behind adds to the fleet. Malaysian Army Navy Sea, at least by having some freegat and a new corvette. With the addition of strength, both countries are very likely to be a partner of the developed countries to compensate for Indonesia in terms of security of Southeast Asia.
With these developments, then the challenge of Indonesia in terms of defense and state security to get heavy. Indonesia than required to maintain security in the country, must also be able to play a meaningful role for the sake of maintaining regional security in the Asia Pacific. Yet on the other hand, the power of defense and security elements Indonesia is not in top condition. Both of the aspects of human resource capabilities and readiness in terms of material and financial support. This is the dilemma facing the state today that Indonesia should immediately sought a way out.



B. WHY SO Ambalat bone of contention?
WHETHER from which the initial word Ambalat. Because suddenly appeared in the news at the national and international mass media. Like the impromptu artist, the area on the border of Indonesia - Malaysia was immediately popular. Even the light exceeds its parent kesohoran Nunukan district.
There is an understanding Ambalat stands Threshold Sea. But apparently the Indonesian wikipedia does not mention that. That means Ambalat is a single word. Anyway there are lots of sea borders with neighboring countries other than Indonesia and Malaysia such as Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam and the Philippines. But the sea border was never referred to with the word Ambalat.
In Malaysia, the people, the federal government and the royal party also used the word Ambalat. In fact, often peppered with phrases oil-rich area of ​​controversy. As if Malaysia want to claim that the land was accepted into the 'disputed area'.
We do not know; whether Ambalat said it was registered as a patent language of the country or region name neighbor? So one day - if this state boundary disputes arise in the international court - we will 'gelagapan' again as in the island of Sipadan and Ligitan trial.
Perhaps there is an underestimate 'what's in a name'. But in a legal dispute, the affairs of the name - even the mistakes one letter alone - it could be a big mistake that determines lose and win a lawsuit.
During its development, Ambalat even more biased as if the name is a populated area and society. There are public figures to comment on media reports citing the phrase 'community Ambalat', when in fact the area is sea water or sea Makassar Strait Sulawesi Island, aka the Northern District Sebatik Nunukan.
Expanse of 15,235 square kilometers of water. But here the two neighbor countries are often fighting guts. Each insisted, snapping each other, mutual claims. Ambalat waters sandwiched between Sulawesi and Borneo it is the most boiling point in relations between Indonesia and Malaysia in recent years. Malaysia has targeted her since 1979. When a neighboring country that publishes maps that include Sipadan and Ligitan as a basis for measuring their exclusive economic zones. In their maps, Ambalat enter Malaysia.
Obviously the Indonesian government dismissed the claims of Malaysia. Because, of course Ambalat riwayata history Bulungan into the territory of the Sultanate (East Kalimantan) are now part of Indonesia.
Leaf of international maritime law or the UN sea law convention set forth in the Act No.17 of 1984, was Ambalat also recognized internationally as an area of ​​Indonesia. Surprisingly, Malaysia remained adamant. They sent their warships to patrol these waters. There Indonesian fishermen to fish caught and beaten, also expelled.
Indeed they were after not only the desire to expand borders of the country, here there is an abundance of natural wealth here. Even according to the Department of Energy and Human Resources in Ambalat oil content with no additional production of 30,000 to 40,000 barrels per day.
Public areas such as Nunukan own borders, Tarakan and Bulungan, found out there Ambalat near their homes. During this time they know is Unarang Reef, an area that is often prairan military ships entered Malaysia.
The fishermen in the northern East Kalimantan, where the region already memorized the track for their boat, the deeper region. There are many 'gusung' aka sandbar when the tide that will make the foundered boat or ship is stuck in there.
When there is a Malaysia-flagged ships and military warships neighbor country was seen entering the waters of Indonesia in Coral Unarang the fishermen were generally tolerated because it avoids the possibility of ships 'gusung' and was forced to swerve into the waters of Indonesia.
Well, the position of the tension that was then emerging in Indonesia. As if there are intentional violations by the Malaysian Army. Mass media are often increase the tension of anger, so that threw the words 'war'.

In every negotiation, Malaysia still insists that Ambalat Block is part of the territory. They even sent a copy of a diplomatic note protesting the essentially military force presence in Ambalat Block.
Ambalat so why fight? Ambalat blocks with an area of ​​15,235 square kilometers, suspected to contain reserves of oil and gas that can be utilized up to 30 years. For the people of the border, Ambalat is a valuable asset because there are known to have oil and gas deposits are quite large. Later, when it was time the oil and gas can be exploited, there are also people who get affected.
Ambalat is a territory disputed by Malaysia and Indonesia. In fact, in 2005 had been a tension in the region due to the Navy Indonesia and Malaysia are both in a state ready for combat.
Geologists estimate the oil and gas contained in this Ambalat reached Rp 4200 trillion. The government saw this potential. Two giant oil companies allowed to operate in waters Ambalat which is divided into three blocks, namely East Ambalat, Ambalat, and Bougainvillea, that. Namely Eni Sp. A and Chevron Pacific Indonesia.
In 1999 Eni, Italy's largest multinational companies established since 1953, entered into Ambalat (Aster Block and Bukat). At the European level, Eni's third-largest refining company. Eni's name originally was an acronym of Ente Nazionale Indrocarburi, later an extension was never used again. So named Eni lived alone.
Engaged in the exploration and production of oil and gas company Eni has 76 thousand employees and operates in 70 countries. Its shares were traded on the Milan Stock Exchange and also the New York Stock Exchange.
The Chevron Pacific Indonesia (CPI) to get permission to explore the East Ambalat in 2004. It's also not just any company. CPI is the son NYSE Chevron Corporation, one of the world's largest energy companies. Chevron is headquartered in San Ramon, California, USA and operates in 180 countries. Chevron was established in 1879 in Pico Canyon, California, with the initial name of the Standard Oil Company of California, or SoCal.
In Indonesia, Chevron is no stranger. Operating since 1924 under the name NV. Nederlansche Pacific Petroleum Maatshappij, this joint venture SoCal and Texas Oil Company (Texaco). This company which first spotted the largest oil wells in Southeast Asia in Minas, Sumatra.
The company was later renamed Caltex Pacific Oil Company, many exploration areas in Sumatra. After SoCal Chevron and Texaco formed in 2001, four years later became the CPI Caltex. Later, CPI manages one Ambalat block.
Apparently Malaysia is also tempted by the contents of the stomach Ambalat. Two oil-producing blocks in Ambalat that they give the name of Block Y and Z. Later Malaysia call with Block ND6 and ND7. Countries that seek to claim Ambalat into this territory was later requested Petronas Carigali Sdn Bhd, a local oil and gas company of Malaysia, signed Ambalat, in 2002.
Two years later took Shell Malaysia, a company whose full name Shell plc., Entered Ambalat. Headquartered in The Hague, Netherlands, and London, England, has been in existence since 1928. The company is ranked four private oil and gas in the world. Shell has been present in Indonesia since 2005.
But the two companies had not dared to enter openly into the Ambalat. Moreover, Indonesia is already operating here first. Warships Indonesia also significantly protect the two companies that operate here with the permission of the Government of Indonesia. Another way the efforts undertaken by Malaysia to the Indonesian government approach. Malaysia requested that Ambalat be joint operations area. "We reject,"
Indonesia, the ASEAN countries that have the most extensive area has no territorial ambitions to annex territory of another country. This is very different from the greedy Malaysia to expand its territory. We all already know that the land border points of Indonesia - Malaysia on Borneo island is always shifted by Malaysia. Our region getting narrower while the broader Malaysian territory.
Malaysian territorial ambitions are not only committed against Indonesia. We certainly remember the Sipadan and Ligitan are separated from Indonesia just because Malaysia to build two islands while Indonesia which upholds honesty by not building the disputed territory was defeated by the International Court judges. Not only Sipadan and Ligitan built by Malaysia. Spratley Islands dispute that many countries (ie Malaysia, Chinese, Vietnamese, Filipinos) was also built by Malaysia. Malaysia might want to repeat the success story in the annexed Sipadan and Ligitan.


C. KEEPING GOVERNMENT EFFORTS TO SOVEREIGNTY Homeland
In the eyes of the Government of Indonesia, Ambalat not disputed area, and also there is no overlap region. If Malaysia came in, it means an attempt robbery sovereign territory. However, border communities need answers and certainty. Do not let them live in indecision. Because of that the TNI along with the District Government and the public Nunukan was determined to keep Ambalat and Coral Unarang as Indonesian territory. They stuck the flag in these waters, while also allowing fishermen to establish bagang more.
Ambalat block dispute between Indonesia and Malaysia have recorded frequent. As from January to April 2009 alone, the Navy noted Malaysia has nine ships into Indonesian territory.
How special Ambalat, ocean block area of ​​15,235 square kilometers located in the Sulawesi Sea or Makassar Strait, until it became a point of conflict between the two neighbors. Ambalat region is a region that has considerable economic potential because it has a wealth of nature, in the form of oil resources. Therefore, it is reasonable if it appears the various interests that underlie the emergence of problems of this dispute. Not only economic interests, but also the factor of political interests between the two countries. For Malaysia, the internationally will feel to "win" against Indonesia, if successful claim Ambalat block.
Different again for Indonesia who want to maintain a politically Ambalat block, because it is considered the same as defending the sovereignty of the nation.
Known, on May 25 warships owned by the Malaysian navy KD Yu-3508 was discovered by Indonesian ship KRI Untung Ambalat Suropati are in the area. KD Yu said that the goal to Tawau, but so KRI Untung Suropati succeed him away.
Then on May 29, dozens of Malaysian-flagged ship, successfully detected the Air Force reconnaissance plane in the waters of the outer limit Ambalat block. One of them is owned warships patrol Jerong Malaysian Army.
Ci-vis Pacem the bellum, which means if you want peace, prepare for war-is the classic expression to describe the mood of most of the people of Indonesia in view of the territorial dispute Ambalat, East Kalimantan. As if, there is no alternative but to fight to defend Ambalat Block.
Meanwhile, diplomacy becomes an unpopular choice. It was
evidenced by the widespread establishment of post-post volunteers across
homeland territory by using the rhetoric of Bung Karno in the 1960s
when wanted confrontation with neighbor countries, "crush Malaysia".
Meanwhile, leaders of both countries are still trying to promote dialogue and negotiations to resolve border dispute and ownership of the Ambalat region. It can be seen from the statement the two leaders, both from Malaysia and Indonesia, about the need to resolve the case by peaceful means.
The question now, in between these two options, which are more appropriately undertaken by both countries? Settlement through diplomatic channels, it seems, would be more elegant in comparison to the present through the path of armed confrontation.
Given the times have changed and relations among nations has grown into a relationship that emphasizes respect for human dignity. Therefore, a fierce and cruel war is no longer a popular choice as the resolution of conflicts between nations.
Ambalat territorial dispute settlement through armed confrontation will hurt both sides, which not only politically as a result of direct confrontation, but also in economic and social fields. Politically, both countries will be tarnished image, at least, among the
ASEAN member countries. Both countries including ASEAN's founding pioneers, in which ASEAN was established as a means of conflict resolution, then the way-confrontational way of resolving the conflict that can drop their image in ASEAN.
In the economic sphere, both countries will incur a loss. The two sides will increase its budget for the cost of war, while the costs can be transferred to other sectors. Not to mention the problem of migrant workers, which both parties are very interested. For
Indonesia, workers are the source of foreign exchange remittances, while
Malaysia's economy is also dependent on the presence of migrant workers. Economic turnaround in the border region also need to be interdependent
taken into consideration.
Social aspect is also not small. The experience of confrontation with
Malaysia in the '60s has given traumatic experience for
some residents of Indonesia. How many families are separated due to
the confrontation. The absence of compensation from the consequences of confrontation,
especially in border communities.
However, the desire to settle the dispute through a path of confrontation can still be understood, at least in three ways. First, the people of Indonesia suffered a traumatic experience to the failure of diplomatic efforts on the seizure of Sipadan and Ligitan to Malaysia in 2002.
Second, the loss of territory from the territory of Homeland enough to make a bitter experience for Indonesia to not happen again. Third, the settlement of cases of illegal migrants by the Malaysian government that feels
painful by some communities in Indonesia. Thirdly it is
encourage a sense of anti-Malaysia and the desire for war.
War is not the only way of resolving disputes Ambalat. Still
wide open chances to win the dispute through
diplomacy. Completion of a border dispute in the sea itself is set up
through the United Nations Law of the Sea Convention 1982 (UN Convention on the Law of the Sea / UNCLOS 1982). In principle, UNCLOS suggests that the settlement of border disputes in the sea must be done by putting forward the principle of equitable solution (solution should be).
Moreover, juridically, Indonesia benefited from the presence of UNCLOS article 47 that as an archipelagic country, Indonesia can draw a line on the outer islands as a benchmark for its territory boundary. At the very least, there are four steps you can take to resolve the territorial dispute Ambalat. First, through bilateral negotiations, which gives both parties an opportunity to present argument on the disputed territory in bilateral forums.
Indonesia and Malaysia should clearly convey where the boundaries of what is claimed and juridical basis. In this regard, Malaysia appears to be using the controversial 1979 map. While Indonesia bases its claims to UNCLOS 1982.
If it fails, it is necessary to cool down and then enter the second step by setting the status quo as a disputed territory within a certain time. At this stage, it could be carried out exploration in Block Ambalat as a means to foster mutual trust on both sides (confidence building measures). This pattern has been executed
Indonesia-Australia in managing the Timor Gap.
The third step can take advantage of regional organizations as a means of conflict resolution, for example, through ASEAN to take advantage of High Council as enshrined in the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation which had initiated in the Bali Declaration 1976.
Malaysia would be reluctant to use this route for fear of being attacked
other ASEAN countries. Because, they have a border problem
with Malaysia Malaysia due to the adoption of unilateral claims by
map of 1979, such as the Philippines, Thailand, and Singapore. In addition, both
countries can also utilize the services of a good (good offices) states that the
chairman of the ARF (ASEAN Regional Forum) to mediate this dispute.
If the third step is not well run, there are still other ways.
Bringing the case to the International Court of Justice (MI) as a step
nonpolitical legal solution. Perhaps, there is a reluctance of Indonesia to bring the case to the bitter experience of MI due to loss of Sipadan and Ligitan. However, if Indonesia were able to show proof of juridical and other facts are strong, the opportunity to win the dispute was big enough. The articles are quite profitable to UNCLOS 1982 Indonesia, scientific evidence Ambalat position which is a natural extension of the East Kalimantan region, historical evidence that the region was part of the Kingdom of Bulungan, and placement of patrol boats the navy is the capital of Indonesia to win the dispute.
Republic of Indonesia is archipelagic State insightful archipelago, so that borders on the sea should refer to UNCLOS (United Nations Convension on the Law of the Sea) 82 / HUKLA (Law of the sea) 82 which is then ratified by Law no. 17 of 1985. Indonesia has about 17,506 islands and 2 / 3 area of ​​the ocean.
Of the 17 506 islands are the outer islands of Indonesia to be a direct limit with neighboring countries. Based on the results of the survey Base Point or Point Elementary has done DISHIDROS Navy, to establish boundaries with neighboring countries, there are 183 basis point 92 located on the outer islands, the rest is in the outermost headland headlands and coastal areas. Of the 92 outermost islands there are 12 islands that should receive serious attention.
In the 1945 Amendments to Chapter IX A of the territory of the State, Article 25A contained Republic of Indonesia is an archipelagic country, characterized by the archipelago with an area boundaries and rights established by law. There is clearly stated that the Republic of Indonesia is an archipelago archipelago insightful, so that borders on the sea should refer to UNCLOS (United Nations Convension on the Law of the Sea) 82 / HUKLA (Law of the sea) 82 which is then ratified by Law no. 17 of 1985.
The impact of the ratification of UNCLOS is imperative to set a limit Indonesia Territorial Sea (Sea Area Boundary), Limit Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and Continental Shelf Boundaries.
Indonesia is an archipelago which has about 17,506 islands and 2 / 3 area of ​​the ocean. Of the 17,506 islands of outer islands there is a direct border with neighboring Indonesia.
Indonesia has land borders with three neighboring countries, namely Malaysia, Papua New Guinea and Timor Leste. While the sea border with ten neighboring countries, including Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, East Timor, India, Thailand, Australia, and Palau. This is certainly very closely related to issues of sovereignty and law enforcement at sea, natural resources management and development of marine economy of a country.
The complexity of problems in the sea will increasingly fueled by the increasingly widespread in marine activities, such as shipping activities between countries of which 90% of it done from the sea, coupled with border issues, security, economic activity and so on. It is conceivable that the delimitation of the sea becomes very important for Indonesia, because most of the territory adjacent to its neighbors in the sea area. Limit of the territorial sea is measured based on the base line connecting the base points are located on the outer coast of the outer islands NKRI. Based on the survey results point Base Point or the basis for establishing boundaries with neighboring countries, there are 183 basis point 92 located on the outer islands, the rest is in the outermost headland headlands and coastal areas.
In addressing the motion step in expanding its territory Malaysia Indonesia must be firm. We should no longer lose an inch of our territory, whatever the expense. Maintaining an area of ​​Indonesia is a manifestation of our sovereignty, so we have to defend in any way. Government of Indonesia and Malaysia agreed to resolve the border dispute through negotiations. A negotiated settlement can still be made. However, we should not believe in Malaysia. Our neighbors were good at communicating the message of peace to the world. In fact, at the technical level they are completely different. Stakes in the Kalimantan border is always shifted. Wood in our forests were stolen. Unfortunately, our leaders as if they do not care about these things.
Efforts to defend the territory of Indonesia is the responsibility of us all. So far, we may see that the party responsible for maintaining the territorial integrity of Indonesia is the TNI. It is not appropriate. We are all responsible to assist the state in defending the territorial integrity of Indonesia. Cooperation and synergy between government institutions, the central government to local government, government with the private sector, and government with the community should be strengthened.
To menginsentifkan security on the border between the two countries, namely around Ambalat Block, which is the border between the State of Indonesia and Malaysia, currently the Army in general have been down two battalions to join the secure area, Battalion 613 / Awang Long and Battalion 643 / Vanara Sakti.
To avoid conflict the government should pass up:
1. mapping back to the border points of Indonesia
Mapping back to the border points of Indonesia to be done. The new mapping results should be compared with the mapping ever done before. Coordinates of points of the border is vital to our Inventory and included in a law on the border region of Indonesia. If necessary, rather than amended the constitution-ubanh only bone of contention for power, insert the clause concerning the border points in the Constitution.
2. Build roads along the land border. Our view of the border as a remote area we have to change. From now on we must look at the border as a strategic region. Strategically to defend our territory. Therefore, the central and local government areas that have land borders with neighboring countries such as West Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, East Nusa Tenggara and Papua have to prioritize the development of road infrastructure along the border. The road is connected to the city center or the center nearest settlement. The purpose of road construction is to stimulate the development of new towns or settlements near the border.
3. Build a new territory near the border. Once the road was built along the border that is connected to the city center or center nearest settlement, local government was required to establish a new territory near the border. Development for the expansion of established cities and communities should be inhibited stimulated to develop new territory. To do this, the Central Government and Local Government should develop the concept of comprehensive development of border areas in order to set up a new area can live both economically and socially.
In addition, the newly constructed areas should be directed to have spesialsisasi. For example, there is a special block of Pontianak oranges, palm garden special blocks, special blocks of paddy fields, etc.. to stimulate business investment influx of supporters there.
4. Construction of a military base near the border. Today we see our troops mat insufficient to make an effort to keep the border states. Event troops actually placed in densely populated areas that have been awakened. Event troops like this should be changed. Battalions that are in the area "safe" from outside interference appropriately relocated to the border region. Moreover, order and safety affairs are now the responsibility of the police.
5. Galakkan back transmigration. Transmigration program was intensively carried out in the New Order era should be encouraged back. Transmigrants directed to occupy new territories that formed near the border. I am sure, if the transport and communications infrastructure is prepared, many residents of the dense areas who are willing to transmigrate.
6. Choose a strong leader and firm. Strong and decisive leader is very important. Regardless of any alleged deficiencies, we've had two leaders who are decisive figure so revered friend and respected opponent. Both strong and decisive leader was Sukarno and Suharto. At the time the two men to lead, no one dared to harass our country. However, after changing leaders, our country to relentless harassment, especially by Malaysia and Singapore sometimes.





















CHAPTER IV
CLOSING

A. CONCLUSION
Indonesia, the ASEAN countries that have the most extensive area has no territorial ambitions to annex territory of another country. This is very different from the greedy Malaysia to expand its territory. We all already know that the land border points of Indonesia - Malaysia on Borneo island is always shifted by Malaysia. Our region getting narrower while the broader Malaysian territory.
Indonesia has land borders with three neighboring countries, namely Malaysia, Papua New Guinea and Timor Leste. While the sea border with ten neighboring countries, including Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, East Timor, India, Thailand, Australia, and Palau. This is certainly very closely related to issues of sovereignty and law enforcement at sea, natural resources management and development of marine economy of a country.
Ambalat block dispute between Indonesia and Malaysia have recorded frequent. As from January to April 2009 alone, the Navy noted Malaysia has nine ships into Indonesian territory. Ambalat blocks with an area of ​​15,235 square kilometers, suspected to contain reserves of oil and gas that can be utilized up to 30 years. For the people of the border, Ambalat is a valuable asset because there are known to have oil and gas deposits are quite large. Later, when it was time the oil and gas can be exploited, there are also people who get affected.
B. ADVICE
An archipelago archipelago insightful, then Indonesia should maintain the integrity of its territory. Outer islands is usually isolated areas, the poor are not even populated and much of the attention of the Government.
The existence of these islands are geographically very strategic, because the island is based on our borders are determined. The islands are supposed to get attention and supervision so as not to cause serious problems that can interfere with the territorial integrity of Indonesia, particularly the island located in the border region with countries that do not / do not have an agreement (agreement) with Indonesia. Of 92 owned by Indonesia's outer islands there are 12 islands that should receive special attention, these islands are Pulau Rondo, idols, Nipa, Sekatung, Marore, Miangas, Fani, Fanildo, Dana, Batek, Marampit and Bras Island.
Do not be afraid to be assertive, if you must war, the people of Indonesia must have support for the integral Homeland. Because the Homeland is set in stone.



















REFERENCES


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